Latent class analysis of health risk behaviors among middle school students in Beijing City / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#The study was aimed at exploring the latent classes and factors influencing middle school students health risk behaviors in Beijing, so as to provide a scientific basis for determining key intervention targets and formulating relevant intervention measures.@*Methods@#A questionnaire survey was conducted among 17 730 junior middle school, senior high school and vocational high school students in 16 districts of Beijing from October to December 2022. Six types of health risk behaviors were assessed with latent class analysis, including unhealthy diet, lack of exercise, unintentional harm, intentional harm, substance abuse and Internet addiction behavior.@*Results@#The latent classes of health risk behavior among middle school students in Beijing were divided into three classes:high risk behavior (961 participants, 5.42%), low lack of exercise/high intentional injury (1 099 participants, 6.20%), and low risk behavior (15 670 participants, 88.38%). Disordered multiple Logistic regression analysis indicated that middle school students who were male ( OR =1.45), in high school ( OR =2.00), had other family types ( OR =1.90), possibly had depressed feelings ( OR =2.27), had depressed feelings ( OR =6.18), or were absent from school because of illness in the past year ( OR =1.79) were more likely to be in the high risk than the low risk behavior group. Moreover, middle school students who were male ( OR =2.30), had an extended family ( OR =1.18), had a reorganized family ( OR =1.70), had other family types ( OR =1.94), possibly had depressed feelings ( OR =3.10), had depressed feelings ( OR =4.91), had taken sick leave in the prior 2 weeks ( OR =1.54), or had absence from school because of illness in the past year ( OR =1.71) were relatively more likely to be in the low lack of exercise or high intentional injury group ( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Clear latent classes of health risk behaviors among middle school students are found to be present in differing proportions in Beijing. Relevant departments should take targeted intervention measures in a timely manner to reduce the occurrence of health risk behaviors among middle school students.

Investigation on occupational stress, symptoms of depression and anxiety of bus drivers in Urumqi / 中国职业医学

@#Objectives ， ， To analyze occupational stress depressive symptoms anxiety symptoms and related influencing factors Methods among bus drivers in Urumqi. A total of 709 bus drivers in Urumqi were selected as the research subjects using - ， - - judgment sampling method. The Effort Reward Imbalance Questionnaire Zung 's Self rating Depression Scale and Zung 's Self - （ ） ， rating Anxiety Scale were used to investigate the occupational stress in the effort reward imbalance ERI mode depression and Results ， anxiety symptoms of bus drivers. The detection rates of ERI mode occupational stress symptoms of depression and （ ）， （ ） （ ）， anxiety were 62.2% 441/709 30.2% 214/709 and 18.2% 129/709 respectively. The results of binary logistic regression ， ， analysis showed that education level length of service physical exercise and drinking were independent influencing factors of （ P ） occupational stress in ERI mode all <0.05 . Personal monthly income and physical exercise were the influencing factors （ P ）， （P ） of depression symptoms all <0.05 and physical exercise was the influencing factor of anxiety symptoms <0.05 . Conclusion ， The occupational stress depression and anxiety symptoms of bus drivers in Urumqi are serious. Attention should ， ， ， be paid to people with higher education long working age low personal monthly income no physical exercise habits and drinking behavior to prevent occupational stress and mental health problems.

Associated factors of environmental health in primary and secondary schools in Beijing from 2017 to 2020 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the current situation of teaching and living environment in primary and secondary schools in Beijing and to provide basis for further intervention.@*Methods@#According to the national plan, an annual average of 92 schools in 16 districts of Beijing were investigated from 2017 to 2020, including school drinking water, canteen, toilet, dormitory management and equipment allocation. Classroom environment of some schools were tested,including the per capita area of classrooms, the agreement rate of desks and chairs distribution, blackboard reflectance, the average illumination and uniformity of desks, the average illumination and uniformity of blackboards, and noise.@*Results@#From 2017 to 2020,most of schools provided water purifiers and direct drinking water, accounting for 85.1% of all investigated schools. The proportion of students canteens in urban schools was increasing,accounting for 90.5% of all schools in 2020. And there was little change in suburban schools,reaching 85.1% in 2020. The proportion of school toilets equipped with soap increased significantly, 92.0% of school toilets were equipped with soap in 2020. The proportion of student dormitories with a per capita area of less than 3 m 2 decreased by year, and all reached the standard in 2020. The qualified rates of various classroom testing indicators, including per capita area in classroom, desk illumination uniformity, and noises, were higher than 80%, while the qualified rates of the blackboard illumination uniformity, desk allotment were lower than 80%.@*Conclusion@#The teaching and living environment in Beijing has improved in recent years, but there are still some problems need to be solved.

Prevalence of depression and the association between depressive symptoms and dietary behaviors among students in Beijing / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the relationship between depressive symptoms and dietary behaviors among middle school and college students in Beijing，so as to provide the basis for carrying out related research and intervention.@*Methods@#A total of 18 130 middle school and college students from 16 districts in Beijing were collected through stratified cluster sampling from October to December, 2020. The relationship between middle school and college students depressive symptoms and dietary behaviors was analyzed by conducting a questionnaire.@*Results@#The detection rate of depressive symptoms was 18.2%. The detection rate of depressive symptoms in girls was 19.0%, which was higher than 17.4% in boys( P <0.05), and the differences were of statistical significance( χ 2=8.47, P <0.01). The detection rate of depressive symptoms in city was 17.9%, and in 10 urban areas was 18.5 %( P > 0.05 ), and the differences were of statistical significance( χ 2=1.15, P =0.28). The detection rates of depressive symptoms in vocational high school (21.8%) and high school students(20.6%) were and, higher than that in college students (18.2%) and in junior high school students(15.2%), and the differences were of statistical significance( χ 2=100.38, P <0.01). The rates of students with depressive symptoms drinking sugary drinks(14.4%), eating sweets (22.1%) and eating fried foods every day (12.4%) were higher than that of students without depressive symptoms(7.6%, 12.0%, 5.9%), and the differences were of statistical significance( χ 2=154.62, 215.67, 164.49, P <0.01). The rates of eating fresh fruits(63.3%), vegetables (81.7%) and breakfast every day (53.4%) of the students with depressive symptoms were lower than those without depressive symptoms (72.0%, 88.1%, 74.1%), and the differences were of statistical significance( χ 2=90.77, 90.59, 518.69, P <0.01) Logistic regression analysis showed that the detection rate of depression was the important factor of influencing dietary behaviors( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The detection rates of depressive symptoms of vocational high school students and senior high school students in Beijing are higher than those of junior high school students and college students. Depression is closely related to dietary behaviors. Promoting students mental health may help promote students healthy eating.

Diagnosis and treatment strategies for acute biliary infection during the epidemic period of COVID-19 / 解放军医学杂志

Acute biliary infection is one of the common causes of acute abdomen, easily causes severe infection and even death. The reasonable treatment of the acute phase is very important. The sudden outbreak of corona virus disease (COVID-19) has posed severe challenges to the country's economic and social life, and has also led to an extreme shortage of medical resources. The diagnosis and treatment of acute biliary infections disease also face challenges. In order to control the epidemic of infectious diseases, we write this article from the perspective of prevention and controlling of COVID-19, referring to the Tokyo Guidelines 2018 to express our views on the diagnosis and treatment strategies for acute biliary infection, hoping to do our best to prevent and control the epidemic of COVID-19.

Monitoring of teaching environmental health in primary and secondary schools in 2019 in Beijing / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the sanitation status of teaching environment of schools in Beijing, and to provide basis for school environmental improvement through monitoring it.@*Methods@#In 2019, 661 primary and secondary schools were selected according to the coverage rate of 50% of all schools. Two classrooms were randomly selected from each school for testing, 1 322 classrooms were monitored. The testing contents included per capita area of the classroom, rate of correct desks-chairs adjusting for school height, blackboard size, reflection ratio of blackboard,illumination, carbon dioxide and noise.@*Results@#The qualified rate of noise(92.3%), per capita area(86.5%), blackboard size (85.6%) and illumination uniformity of table top (83.4%) were higher than 80%, while the qualified rate of other indexes were lower than 80%. In 2019, the qualified rate of blackboard size, blackboard average illuminance and blackboard illuminance uniformity were higher than 2018 year(85.6%, 52.7%, 36.2%; 81.9%, 42.7%, 31.7%)(χ2=10.97, 7.80, 5.90, P<0.05), while the noise (92.3%) was lower than 2018 year(98.3%)(χ2=70.82, P<0.05). Both classroom and blackboard, the average illuminance and evenness of the desk and blackboard installed with LED light were higher than those installed with fluorescent lights.@*Conclusion@#Teaching environment monitoring in Beijing is not optimistic. It is necessary to strengthen the promotion and evaluation of standards,and the classroom environment needs to be further improved.

Adaptive evolution and selection of stress-resistant Saccharomyces cerevisiae for very high-gravity bioethanol fermentation

Background: In industrial yeasts, selection and breeding for resistance to multiple stresses is a focus of current research. The objective of this study was to investigate the tolerance to multiple stresses of Saccharomyces cerevisiae obtained through an adaptive laboratory evolution strategy involving a repeated liquid nitrogen freeze­thaw process coupled with multi-stress shock selection. We also assessed the related resistance mechanisms and very high-gravity (VHG) bioethanol production of this strain. Results: Elite S. cerevisiae strain YF10-5, exhibiting improved VHG fermentation capacity and stress resistance to osmotic pressure and ethanol, was isolated following ten consecutive rounds of liquid nitrogen freeze­thaw treatment followed by plate screening under osmotic and ethanol stress. The ethanol yield of YF10-5 was 16% higher than that of the parent strain during 35% (w/v) glucose fermentation. Furthermore, there was upregulation of three genes (HSP26, HSP30, and HSP104) encoding heat-shock proteins involved in the stress response, one gene (TPS1) involved in the synthesis of trehalose, and three genes (ADH1, HXK1, and PFK1) involved in ethanol metabolism and intracellular trehalose accumulation in YF10-5 yeast cells, indicating increased stress tolerance and fermentative capacity. YF10-5 also showed excellent fermentation performance during the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of VHG sweet potato mash, producing 13.40% (w/ v) ethanol, which corresponded to 93.95% of the theoretical ethanol yield. Conclusions: A multiple-stress-tolerant yeast clone was obtained using adaptive evolution by a freeze­thaw method coupled with stress shock selection. The selected robust yeast strain exhibits potential for bioethanol production through VHG fermentation.

An anterior neurovascular interval approach to coronal shear fractures of the distal humerus: a prospective clinical study with short- to mid-term follow-up

SUMMARY OBJECT: To explore the treatment effect of the anterior medial neurovascular interval approach to coronal shear fractures of the distal humerus. METHODS: This prospective study included two female patients who were 30-64 years old, with a mean age of 47 years. Fractures were caused by falling from a bicycle. The time between the injury and operation was 1-2 days, with a mean time interval of 1.5 days. Two patients with coronal shear fracture of the distal humerus were treated with open reduction and internal fixation using anterior neurovascular interval approach. RESULTS: There were no intraoperative and postoperative neurological and vascular complications or infections, and the fracture was united. At 12 months after the surgery, the patient returned to work without pain, and with a normal range of motion for elbow and forearm rotation. The X-rays revealed excellent fracture union, no signs of heterotopic ossification, and no traumatic arthritis. According to Mayo's evaluation standards for elbow function, a score of 100 is excellent. CONCLUSIONS: The application of the anterior neurovascular interval approach of the elbow in the treatment of shear fracture of the articular surface of the distal humerus, particularly the trochlea of the humerus, can reduce the stripping of the soft tissue.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: Explorar o efeito do tratamento com uma abordagem anterior do intervalo neurovascular médio para fraturas de cisalhamento coronal da porção distal do úmero. METODOLOGIA: Este estudo prospectivo incluiu duas pacientes do sexo feminino de 30-64 anos de idade, com idade média de 47 anos. As fraturas foram causadas por quedas de bicicleta. O tempo entre a lesão e a operação foi de 1-2 dias, com um intervalo de tempo médio de 1,5 dias. Duas pacientes com cisalhamento coronal da porção distal do úmero foram tratadas com redução aberta e fixação interna utilizando a abordagem anterior do intervalo neurovascular. RESULTADOS: Não houve complicações neurológicas e vasculares intra e pós-operatórias, nem complicações ou infecções, e a fratura foi unida. Após 12 meses da cirurgia, as pacientes retornaram ao trabalho sem dor e com uma amplitude normal de movimento de rotação do antebraço e cotovelo. Os raios-X revelaram excelente união das fraturas, sem sinais de ossificação heterotópica e sem artrite traumática. De acordo com as diretrizes da clínica Mayo para avaliação da função do cotovelo, uma pontuação de 100 é considerada excelente. CONCLUSÃO: A aplicação da abordagem anterior do intervalo neurovascular do cotovelo no tratamento de uma fratura de cisalhamento da superfície articular da porção distal do úmero, especificamente da tróclea do úmero, pode reduzir o desgaste do tecido mole.

Poor eyesight in primary and middle school students in Beijing during 2010-2016 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the prevalence and trend of the poor eyesight in primary and middle school students in Beijing, and to provide theoretical basis for eyesight protection and myopia prevention and control.@*Methods@#According to "Technical Standard for Student Health Inspection" (GB/T 26343-2010), students were examined with a standard logarithmic visual acuity E chart for naked eye vision.@*Results@#The prevalence of poor eyesight among primary and middle school students in 2010-2016 was 63.0%, 62.1%, 62.9%, 60.7%, 59.2% and 58.6% respectively, decreased by 7.0% in 6 years, primary school students dropped by 9.7%, and junior school students, senior high school students and vocational high school students increased by 5.5%, 3.3% and 14.1% respectively. Urban and suburban areas(61.2%，54.3%) decreased by 9.6% and 2.9% respectively. Regardless of boys and girls, urban and suburb, between 2010 and 2016, the overall composition ratio of students in each school segment was expressed as primary school > junior school > senior high school students > vocational high school, and vocational high school students accounted for the minimum; the overall composition ratio of primary school has become more and more large.@*Conclusion@#Eyesight protection and myopia prevention among primary and middle school students in Beijing is still challenging. All departments should take active and effective measures to control the newly onset and progression of low vision and improve eyesight.

Exploring the relationship of peripheral total bilirubin, red blood cell, and hemoglobin with blood pressure during childhood and adolescence / Explorando a relação entre os níveis periféricos de bilirrubina total, glóbulos vermelhos e hemoglobina e a pressão arterial na infância e adolescência

Abstract Objective: Total bilirubin is beneficial for protecting cardiovascular diseases in adults. The authors aimed to investigate the association of total bilirubin, red blood cell, and hemoglobin levels with the prevalence of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. Methods: A total of 3776 students (aged from 6 to 16 years old) were examined using cluster sampling. Pre-high blood pressure and high blood pressure were respectively defined as the point of 90th and 95th percentiles based on the Fourth Report on the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure were standardized into z-scores. Results: Peripheral total bilirubin, red blood cell and hemoglobin levels were significantly correlated with age, and also varied with gender. Peripheral total bilirubin was negatively correlated with systolic blood pressure in 6- and 9-year-old boys, whilst positively correlated with diastolic blood pressure in the 12-year-old boys and 13- to 15-year-old girls (p < 0.05). Higher levels of red blood cell and hemoglobin were observed in pre-high blood pressure and high blood pressure students when compared with their normotensive peers (p < 0.01). The increases in red blood cell and hemoglobin were significantly associated with high blood pressure after adjusting for confounding factors. The ORs (95% CI) of each of the increases were 2.44 (1.52-3.92) and 1.04 (1.03-1.06), respectively. No statistical association between total bilirubin and high blood pressure was observed (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Total bilirubin could be weakly correlated with both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as correlations varied with age and gender in children and adolescents; in turn, the increased levels of red blood cell and hemoglobin are proposed to be positively associated with the prevalence of high blood pressure.

Resumo Objetivo: A bilirrubina total é benéfica para proteger contra doenças cardiovasculares em adultos. Nosso objetivo foi investigar a associação dos níveis de bilirrubina total, glóbulos vermelhos e hemoglobina com a prevalência de pressão arterial elevada em crianças e adolescentes. Métodos: Um total de 3.776 estudantes (com idade entre 6-16 anos) foram examinados utilizando uma amostra em blocos. A pressão arterial elevada anterior e a pressão arterial elevada foram definidas como o 90° e 95° percentil, respectivamente, com base nos critérios do Quarto Relatório sobre Diagnóstico, Avaliação e Tratamento da Pressão Arterial elevada em Crianças e Adolescentes. A pressão arterial sistólica e pressão arterial diastólica foram padronizadas no escore z. Resultados: Os níveis periféricos de bilirrubina total, glóbulos vermelhos e hemoglobina foram significativamente correlacionados à idade, que também variou de acordo com o sexo. A bilirrubina total periférica apresentou uma correlação negativa com a pressão arterial sistólica em meninos com 6 e 9 anos, ao passo que apresentou uma correlação positiva com a pressão arterial diastólica em meninos de 12 anos e meninas de 13 a 15 anos (p < 0,05). Foram observados níveis mais elevados de glóbulos vermelhos e hemoglobina em estudantes com pressão arterial elevada anterior e pressão arterial elevada em comparação a indivíduos normotensos (p < 0,01). Os aumentos de glóbulos vermelhos e hemoglobina tiveram uma associação significativa com a pressão arterial elevada após ajuste dos fatores de confusão. As RC (IC de 95%) de cada um dos aumentos foram 2,44 (1,52-3,92) e 1,04 (1,03-1,06) respectivamente. Não foi observada nenhuma associação estatística entre o nível de bilirrubina total e a pressão arterial elevada (p > 0,05). Conclusão: A bilirrubina total pode ter correlações fracas com a pressão arterial sistólica e a pressão arterial diastólica, variando de acordo com a idade e o sexo em crianças e adolescentes, enquanto isso, propõe-se que o aumento dos níveis de glóbulos vermelhos e hemoglobina está positivamente associado à prevalência de pressão arterial elevada.

Association between polymorphisms of interleukin-10,interferon-γ gene and the susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the association of IL-10,IFN-γ gene polymorphisms at position-1082G/A and + 874A/T and susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis(PTB)through a case-control study.Methods Polymerase chain reaction with sequence specific primer(PCR-SSP)/sequencing method,single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP)of IL-10 and IFN-γ gene at position-1082 and +874 were used on pulmonary tuberculosis patients(group PTB)and normal healthy subjects(group NHS)in the Han population from Shenzhen city of China.Results The genotype frequencies of A/A homozygotes,A/G heterozygous and G/G homozygous at-1082 site of IL-10 gene in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were 85.4%,13.1%,1.5% respectively and A,G allele frequencies were 91.9%,8.1% respectively.In healthy subjects,the genotype frequencies of A/A homozygotes,A/G heterozygous and G/G homozygous were 77.5%,22.0%,0.5% respectively and A,G allele frequencies were 88.5%,11.5% respectively.Genotype distribution between the two groups was significantly different(P＜0.05).The genotype frequencies of A/A of IL-10 in the patient group were higher than that of control group.In contrast,the genotype frequencies of G/A in the control group were higher than that in the patient group(P＜0.05).There was no statistical difference found between A and G allele(P＞0.05).For IFN-γ(+874)and no significant difference was found on the distribution of genotypes or alleles between the two groups.Conclusion The IL-10(-1082)gene SNP might be associated with the susceptibility to tuberculosis.A/A genotype might be a risk factor for the susceptibility on tuberculosis while the SNP of cytokines(+874)might not be associated with the susceptibility to tuberculosis in Chinese Han populations.